Data and methodology
Every number on this site, and where it comes from.
Every figure on this site links to its source. We use government statistics, education agencies, international organisations and established education research outlets. Where a host country does not publish counts by nationality, we use India's Ministry of External Affairs data on Indian students abroad.
Figures refer to different years and use different definitions, so they are not a single snapshot. Each chapter shows the period its figure covers. Where we could not verify a number, we left it out.
Chapter news is gathered automatically on the 1st of every month from Google News search feeds. A headline must name the country and be about Indian or international students; study-abroad marketing, listicles and press releases are excluded. Headlines link to the original reporting, and AIS does not endorse third-party coverage.
The world map uses Natural Earth's India point-of-view edition, which shows Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh as on Survey of India maps.
AIS Social Studio: editable Instagram templates built from these figures and this month's news, for chapters and the AIS team.
Last reviewed 1 October 2026. Spotted an error? Write to hello@globalindianstudents.org.
Headline figures
- India MEA data on Indian students abroad, as on 1 January 2025 (via ICEF Monitor) monitor.icef.com
- India MEA data, via ICEF Monitor, Dec 2025 monitor.icef.com
- IIE Open Doors 2025 iie.org
- DAAD, Nov 2025 daad.de
The case for Indian students
- IIE Open Doors, India fact sheet, Nov 2025 opendoorsdata.org
- NFAP, June 2026 nfap.com
- Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft, Jan 2026 iwkoeln.de
- Sundar Pichai (magazine.wharton.upenn.edu) magazine.wharton.upenn.edu
- Satya Nadella (news.microsoft.com) news.microsoft.com
- Shantanu Narayen (adobe.com) adobe.com
- Arvind Krishna (newsroom.ibm.com) newsroom.ibm.com
- Indra Nooyi (oiss.yale.edu) oiss.yale.edu
- Vinod Khosla (khoslaventures.com) khoslaventures.com
- Kalpana Chawla (nasa.gov) nasa.gov
- Har Gobind Khorana (nobelprize.org) nobelprize.org
- Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (nobelprize.org) nobelprize.org
- Abhijit Banerjee (nobelprize.org) nobelprize.org
- UK Home Office, Feb 2026 gov.uk
- Élysée joint statement, Feb 2025 elysee.fr
The issues
- Study abroad, done ethically (nmc.org.in) nmc.org.in
- ICEF Monitor monitor.icef.com
- Work after graduating: New Zealand, 36 months immigration.govt.nz
- Work after graduating: Australia, master’s, 36 months dfat.gov.au
- Work after graduating: United States, STEM OPT, 36 months uscis.gov
- Work after graduating: Ireland, master’s, 24 months tcd.ie
- Work after graduating: Finland, 24 months migri.fi
- Work after graduating: Germany, 18 months bamf.de
- Work after graduating: Netherlands, 12 months ind.nl
- Work after graduating: Sweden, 12 months migrationsverket.se
- Work after graduating: Austria, 12 months migration.gv.at
- Work after graduating: Belgium, 12 months kuleuven.be
- Work after graduating: Malaysia, 12 months visa.educationmalaysia.gov.my
- Work after graduating: Poland, 9 months gov.pl
- Work after graduating: Switzerland, 6 months ethz.ch
- The PIE News thepienews.com
- Study in Austria studyinaustria.at
- UGC call kashmirlife.net
- National Medical Commission nmc.org.in
Our mandate
- Policy advocacy (cnn.com) cnn.com
- The News Minute thenewsminute.com
- The PIE News thepienews.com
- The PIE News thepienews.com
Press coverage
- CNN Indian students have dreamed of studying in the US. Trump's visa policies have forced them to look elsewhere Oct 2025 cnn.com
- The New York Times Colleges Say Students Must Get a Covid Vaccine. But No, Not That One. June 2021 nytimes.com
- The News Minute How US-based Indian students are joining hands to help India in its COVID-19 fight May 2021 thenewsminute.com
- The Washington Post Americans help relatives sick with covid in India find oxygen May 2021 washingtonpost.com
- The PIE News NAAIS holds workshops across US to support Indian students Aug 2021 thepienews.com
- The PIE News Some 75,000 Indian students may be stranded in the US June 2020 thepienews.com
- NDTV NAAIS on travel advisories issued to international students in the US Video youtube.com
By chapter
Australia4 sources
- Australian Government Department of Education, via ICEF Monitor (Indian students, January to September 2025 (all sectors)) monitor.icef.com
- Share of all international students, 2nd after China: 16% education.gov.au
- Post-study work for Indian master's graduates under ECTA: Up to 3 yrs dfat.gov.au
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad as on 1 Jan 2025 web.archive.org
Austria7 sources
- Eurostat, mobile tertiary students by country of origin (educ_uoe_mobs02), India to Austria (Indian students, Academic year 2023/24 (Eurostat reference year 2024)) ec.europa.eu
- Tuition per semester for non-EU students at public universities: €726.72 studyinaustria.at
- Job-search permit after graduating: 12 months migration.gv.at
- IHS Studierenden-Sozialerhebung 2023, Internationale Studierendenmobilitat (Table 2) bmfwf.gv.at
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad (as on 1 Jan 2025) web.archive.org
- EIU Liveability Index 2026 press release prnewswire.com
- BMEIA, UN organisations based at the VIC bmeia.gv.at
Belgium4 sources
- Eurostat, educ_uoe_mobs02, mobile tertiary students from India (Indian students, 2024 (Eurostat reference year, academic year 2023/24)) ec.europa.eu
- Search year after graduation: 12 months kuleuven.be
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad as on 1 Jan 2025 (Annexure I; PDF currently 404 on mea.gov.in, retrieved via Wayback Machine) web.archive.org
- European Commission, based in Brussels european-union.europa.eu
Cyprus3 sources
- Eurostat, mobile tertiary students by country of origin (educ_uoe_mobs02), India to Cyprus (Indian students, Academic year 2023/24 (Eurostat reference year 2024)) ec.europa.eu
- Total higher education students in Cyprus, 2023/24: 58,941 archeia.moec.gov.cy
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad (as on 1 Jan 2025) web.archive.org
Czech Republic5 sources
- Czech Statistical Office (ČSÚ), Studenti a absolventi vysokých škol 2001-2025, Table 1.1 and 5a, from MŠMT data (Indian students, End of 2025 (31 Dec 2025)) csu.gov.cz
- ČSÚ press release, foreign students 2024 csu.gov.cz
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad (as on 1 Jan 2025) web.archive.org
- Eurostat educ_uoe_mobs02 ec.europa.eu
- Britannica, Charles University (founded 1348) britannica.com
Denmark3 sources
- India MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad (as on 1 Jan 2025), Rajya Sabha Q557, Dec 2025 (Indian students, as on 1 January 2025) web.archive.org
- Study permits granted to Indians, 2025: 468 statbank.dk
- Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science press release, 18 Sep 2025 ufm.dk
Estonia3 sources
- Harno (Estonian Education and Youth Board), EHIS data (Indian students, academic year 2023/24) harno.ee
- India's share of 3,954 international degree students, 2024/25: 5% hm.ee
- India MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad (as on 1 Jan 2025), Rajya Sabha Q557, Dec 2025 web.archive.org
Finland3 sources
- Finnish National Agency for Education (EDUFI/OPH), Vipunen: most common nationalities of international full degree students 2024 (Indian students, calendar year 2024) oph.fi
- Max residence permit to look for work after graduation: 2 years migri.fi
- India MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad (as on 1 Jan 2025), Rajya Sabha Q557, Dec 2025 web.archive.org
France4 sources
- Campus France, citing the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research (SIES) (Indian students, Academic year 2024-25) campusfrance.org
- French target for Indian students by 2030: 30,000 newsonair.gov.in
- Campus France India: 5-year short-stay visa for alumni inde.campusfrance.org
- ICEF Monitor, Indian students abroad 2025 monitor.icef.com
Germany5 sources
- DAAD / DZHW, Wissenschaft weltoffen 2025 (press release 26 Nov 2025) (Indian students, Winter semester 2024/25) daad.de
- Residence permit to seek work after graduating: 18 months bamf.de
- Wissenschaft weltoffen 2025, full report (DAAD/DZHW) wissenschaft-weltoffen.de
- Wissenschaft weltoffen: Indische Studierende auf der Überholspur (2023) wissenschaft-weltoffen.de
- ICEF Monitor, Indian students abroad 2025 monitor.icef.com
Hungary7 sources
- Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH), foreign students by country, as reported by Eduline (Indian students, 2024 (academic year 2024/25)) eduline.hu
- Year-on-year growth, 2023 to 2024: +13.5% eduline.hu
- Stipendium Hungaricum scholarships offered to Indian students per year: 200 kashmirlife.net
- Embassy of India Budapest, India-Hungary relations eoibudapest.gov.in
- Embassy of India Budapest, student information eoibudapest.gov.in
- Eurostat educ_uoe_mobs02 ec.europa.eu
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad (as on 1 Jan 2025) web.archive.org
Ireland4 sources
- Higher Education Authority (HEA), Key Facts and Figures 2024/25 (Indian students, Academic year 2024/25) hea.ie
- Growth on previous year: +30% monitor.icef.com
- Stay-back for master's and PhD graduates: 24 months tcd.ie
- ICEF Monitor, Indian students abroad 2025 monitor.icef.com
Italy4 sources
- Eurostat, educ_uoe_mobs02, mobile tertiary students from India (data reported by Italian authorities) (Indian students, 2024 (Eurostat reference year, academic year 2023/24)) ec.europa.eu
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad as on 1 Jan 2025 (Annexure I; PDF currently 404 on mea.gov.in, retrieved via Wayback Machine) web.archive.org
- Integrazione Migranti (Italian government portal): job-search permit 9 to 12 months integrazionemigranti.gov.it
- University of Bologna, history (origins 1088) unibo.it
Japan5 sources
- JASSO, International Student Survey in Japan 2025 (Indian students, As of 1 May 2025) studyinjapan.go.jp
- All international students in Japan: 408,069 studyinjapan.go.jp
- Prime Minister's Office, March 2023: 400,000 international students by 2033 japan.kantei.go.jp
- ICEF Monitor: Japan surpassed its 400,000 target in 2025 monitor.icef.com
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad as on 1 Jan 2025 web.archive.org
Latvia3 sources
- Eurostat, mobile tertiary students by country of origin (educ_uoe_mobs02), India to Latvia (Indian students, Academic year 2023/24 (Eurostat reference year 2024)) ec.europa.eu
- Share of mobile students in Latvia from India, 2024/25: 27.9% stat.gov.lv
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad (as on 1 Jan 2025) web.archive.org
Lithuania3 sources
- India MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad (as on 1 Jan 2025), Rajya Sabha Q557, Dec 2025 (Indian students, as on 1 January 2025) web.archive.org
- Largest nationality among study-permit holders, 2024: 1st lrt.lt
- Invest Lithuania, Fintech investlithuania.com
Malaysia5 sources
- India Ministry of External Affairs, Data on Indian Students Abroad (Rajya Sabha, Dec 2025) (Indian students, As on 1 January 2025) web.archive.org
- Graduate Pass after graduation: 12 months visa.educationmalaysia.gov.my
- Malaysians of Indian ethnicity: 2.0 million dosm.gov.my
- QAA review, University of Nottingham Malaysia qaa.ac.uk
- Monash University, Malaysia campus monash.edu
Mexico2 sources
- India Ministry of External Affairs, Data on Indian Students Abroad (Annexure I) (Indian students, As on 1 January 2025) web.archive.org
- India-Mexico trade, 2023: US$10.58 bn mea.gov.in
Netherlands4 sources
- Nuffic, Incoming degree mobility at Dutch research universities and universities of applied sciences 2025-26 (June 2026) (Indian students, Academic year 2025-26) nuffic.nl
- Orientation year permit for graduates: 1 year ind.nl
- Nuffic, Incoming degree mobility 2024-25 nuffic.nl
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad as on 1 Jan 2025 (Annexure I; PDF currently 404 on mea.gov.in, retrieved via Wayback Machine) web.archive.org
New Zealand5 sources
- Education New Zealand enrolment data, via ICEF Monitor (Indian students, 2025 calendar year (enrolments, all sectors)) monitor.icef.com
- Post-study work visa: Up to 3 yrs immigration.govt.nz
- Education NZ India insights snapshot (Apr 2025): 10,640 Jan to Aug 2024, +34%; 86% satisfaction enz.govt.nz
- Education NZ: 83,425 enrolments in 2024, India 14% enz.govt.nz
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad as on 1 Jan 2025: 7,931 web.archive.org
Norway4 sources
- HK-dir, Database for Statistics on Higher Education (DBH), table 'Utenlandske studenter' (foreign-citizen registered students), API table 135 (Indian students, autumn semester 2025) dbh.hkdir.no
- Tuition fees for non-EU/EEA students: Since 2023 thepienews.com
- Khrono, lower fees for international students from Aug 2026 (31 Jul 2026) khrono.no
- India MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad (as on 1 Jan 2025), Rajya Sabha Q557, Dec 2025 web.archive.org
Poland5 sources
- Statistics Poland (GUS), Szkolnictwo wyższe i jego finanse w 2024 r., Table 8 (25): foreigners by citizenship (Indian students, Academic year 2024/25) stat.gov.pl
- Residence permit to seek work after graduating: 9 months gov.pl
- GUS, Szkolnictwo wyższe i jego finanse w 2024 r. stat.gov.pl
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad (as on 1 Jan 2025) web.archive.org
- Eurostat educ_uoe_mobs02 ec.europa.eu
Portugal3 sources
- Eurostat, educ_uoe_mobs02, mobile tertiary students from India (data reported by Portuguese authorities) (Indian students, 2024 (Eurostat reference year, academic year 2023/24)) ec.europa.eu
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad as on 1 Jan 2025 (Annexure I; PDF currently 404 on mea.gov.in, retrieved via Wayback Machine) web.archive.org
- DGEEC, Inscritos no Ensino Superior 2024/25 (top nationalities) dgeec.medu.pt
Singapore3 sources
- India Ministry of External Affairs, Data on Indian Students Abroad (Rajya Sabha, Dec 2025) (Indian students, As on 1 January 2025) web.archive.org
- NUS in QS World University Rankings 2027: #10 ntu.edu.sg
- Share of Singapore residents who are ethnic Indian: 9.0% assets.app.optical.gov.sg
South Korea3 sources
- Korea Ministry of Justice, monthly foreign student statistics by nationality (Public Data Portal) (Indian students, July 2026 (student visa holders, D-2 and D-4-1)) data.go.kr
- Government target for international students by 2027: 300,000 english.moe.go.kr
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad as on 1 Jan 2025: 1,714 web.archive.org
Spain3 sources
- Eurostat, educ_uoe_mobs02, mobile tertiary students from India (data reported by Spanish authorities) (Indian students, 2024 (Eurostat reference year, academic year 2023/24)) ec.europa.eu
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad as on 1 Jan 2025 (Annexure I; PDF currently 404 on mea.gov.in, retrieved via Wayback Machine) web.archive.org
- Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Estadística de Internacionalización 2023-24 ciencia.gob.es
Sweden4 sources
- India MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad (as on 1 Jan 2025), Rajya Sabha Q557, Dec 2025 (Indian students, as on 1 January 2025) web.archive.org
- New Indian students in Sweden, 2024/25: 1,350 uka.se
- Residence permit to look for work after a degree: 1 year migrationsverket.se
- UKA/SCB Statistical report UF 20 SM 2502, International mobility in higher education 2024/25 scb.se
Switzerland5 sources
- Eurostat, educ_uoe_mobs02, mobile tertiary students from India (data reported by Swiss FSO) (Indian students, 2024 (Eurostat reference year, academic year 2023/24)) ec.europa.eu
- Job-search stay after graduating from a Swiss university: 6 months ethz.ch
- ETH Zurich, QS World University Rankings 2027: 8th ethz.ch
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad as on 1 Jan 2025 (Annexure I; PDF currently 404 on mea.gov.in, retrieved via Wayback Machine) web.archive.org
- ETH Zurich news, QS 2026 (ETH 7th, EPFL 22nd) ethz.ch
UAE3 sources
- India Ministry of External Affairs, Data on Indian Students Abroad (Rajya Sabha, Dec 2025) (Indian students, As on 1 January 2025) web.archive.org
- Indian share of Dubai's international higher-education students, 2024-25: 43% gulfnews.com
- Overseas Indians in the UAE: 4.34 million mea.gov.in
United States5 sources
- IIE Open Doors 2025 (Indian students, Academic year 2024/25) opendoorsdata.org
- STEM OPT extension on top of 12-month OPT: +24 months uscis.gov
- IIE Open Doors 2025 press release iie.org
- IIE Open Doors 2024 release: India #1 for first time since 2009, 331,602 prnewswire.com
- MEA, Data on Indian Students Abroad as on 1 Jan 2025 web.archive.org